Non­‑pharmacological approaches for therapy of insomnia in adultsReview articles

MUDr. Laura Hrehová, MBA, doc. MUDr. Kamal Mezian, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):16-21 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2024.002  

Sleep is a basic physiological need to maintain physical and mental health. Insomnia represents a common unit in the group of sleep disorders. The main accompanying phenomena of insomnia are difficulty falling asleep, interrupted sleep, early awakening, or nonrestorative sleep. Although nonpharmacological therapies are recommended as first-line treatment for insomnia. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review on the nonpharmacologic treatment of insomnia in adults, where the pillar is cognitive behavioral therapy. Its cognitive component focuses on eliminating inappropriate thoughts accompanying insomnia that cause difficulty falling asleep....

Relationship-related obsessive-compulsive disorderReview articles

prof. MUDr. Ján Praško, CSc., PhDr. Marie Ocisková, Ph.D., MUDr. Kamila Bělohradová, MUDr. Lucie Bundárová, MUDr. Jakub Vaněk, doc. PhDr. Miloš Šlepecký, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):7-14 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2024.001  

Relationship obsessive compulsive disorder (R-OCD) is a subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) that manifests in constant doubts and anxieties about an intimate relationship. People with R-OCD suffer from intrusive thoughts about whether they have the right feelings for their partner, whether their partner loves them, whether the relationship is suitable or whether their partner has any flaws. These thoughts trigger the urge to perform various rituals to alleviate anxiety, such as repeated checking, reassurance or comparison. However, this behaviour leads to disruption of the relationship and long-term maintenance of the anxiety. This paper...

Psychiatrie v čase nejistoty a nepředvídatelných zvratůEditorial

doc. MUDr. David Skorunka, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2024;25(1):3-4  

Abstrakta: 20. konference Psychiatrie pro praxi / 23.–24. listopadu 2023, Clarion Congress Hotel OlomoucAbstracts

Společnost SOLEN, s. r. o., a časopis Psychiatrie pro praxi, ve spolupráci s Psychiatrickou klinikou FN Olomouc

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(Suppl.A)  

Já, my, medicína a umělá inteligenceEditorial

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):135  

EsketamineInformation

MUDr. Veronika Málová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):194-198  

The case report demonstrates the successful outpatient treatment of a patient with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although modern medicine already offers a whole range of antidepressants, we still often encounter a delayed clinical onset of effect in the range of three to six weeks, insufficient effectiveness or intolerance of treatment, which are a significant limit for effective treatment. The result is a certain percentage of patients who do not achieve remission or a long-term reduction of symptoms even after exhausting all available treatment options – a combination of antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), repetitive transcranial...

Psychogenic non-epileptic dissociative seizure as a response to postoperative pain? A case report that may not provide answersCase report

Mgr. Renáta Krčilová, Regina Ropková, Elena Raimrová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):191-193 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.035  

With the presented case report we would like to acquaint the professional public with the story of a woman who experienced a recurrent disturbance of consciousness with non-constant myoclonic twitches of the trunk followed by spontaneous recovery of consciousness in the early postoperative period. The story that raised questions to which no definite answers were found. The story that forced us, health care workers in intensive care, not only to think about the very existence of dissociative states, but also about their various clinical manifestations and differential diagnosis. When we witness a patient with impaired state of consciousness, our focus...

Differences between brexpiprazole and aripiprazole in clinical practice. Case seriesCase report

prof. MUDr. Jiří Masopust, Ph.D., MUDr. Miloslav Kopeček, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Lucie Kališová, Ph.D., MUDr. Martin Hýža, Ph.D., MUDr. Michal Risler, MUDr. Tereza Škrábalová, MUDr. Olga Daňková, MUDr. Markéta Čechová, MUDr. Jiří Bartoš

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):182-190 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.034  

Brexpiprazole is a new atypical antipsychotic acting as serotonin and dopamine modulator. Its mechanism of action is based on partial agonism on serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, antagonism at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors, partial agonism at dopamine D2 receptors and antagonism at two noradrenergic receptors, type α1B and type α2C. Due to its effect on dopamine D2 receptors brexpiprazole belongs to dopamine receptor partial agonists (DRPA). It has been introduced to clinical practice in treatment recently. Its profile is characterized by good antipsychotic efficacy and outstanding tolerability. Low incidence of side-effects is associated with treatment...

Mechanismus účinku silice z levanduleInformation

PharmDr. MVDr. Vilma Vranová, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):180  

New pharmaceuticals in the treatment of insomniaPsychopharmacological profile

MUDr. Jozef Višňovský, MUDr. Jakub Vaněk

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):176-179 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.033  

Sleep disorders are among the most common reasons why patients seek general practitioners or psychiatrists. The annual prevalence of insomnia in the adult population is estimated at up to 40%. Sleep disorders can occur in isolation or in combination with another underlying disorder. Non-pharmacological measures and procedures, even though they are an integral part of insomnia therapy, are not always preferred by patients and even doctors. Pharmacotherapy of sleep disorders includes a wide spectrum of drugs. Sleep medicine and its research are constantly evolving, which also brings new pharmaceuticals. The aim of the article is to provide a brief overview...

Women in the field of psychologyInterdisciplinary overviews

prof. PhDr. Alena Plháková, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):170-175 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.032  

The article explores the motivation of women to study psychology and the disparities in the status of men and women in academic and applied psychology. It is evident that women publish less frequently in professional psychological journals than men and receive fewer citations. Additionally, psychologists, more often than female psychologists, attain various leadership positions. Nevertheless, women are highly successsful in the fields of marriage and family counceling, clinical psychology, and psychotherapy.

Clozapine and Parkinson's disease related psychosisInterdisciplinary overviews

MUDr. Katarína Ďurčová Typčuková, MUDr. Marcela Šoltýsová, MUDr. Mária Holá, MUDr. Ján Necpál

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):165-169 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.031  

Parkinson´s disease related psychosis is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of Parkinson´s disease. According to evidence-based medicine, the gold standard in the treatment is treatment with clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug with multireceptor properties and low risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Although clozapine seems to be very effective, it is quite underused, mainly due to the fear of developing agranulocytosis. This fear leads commonly to clozaphobia among physicians. The review brings basic facts about clozapine and management of Parkinson´s disease related psychosis.

Possibilities of family interventions in the treatment of emotionally-unstable adolescentsReview articles

MUDr. Kryštof Kantor, doc. PhDr. Jana Kocourková

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):161-164 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.030  

Difficulties associated with emotional instability are frequent in adolescence, and the diagnosis of personality disorders at this age is becoming common. The importance of this group of patients is evident, when we consider that this disorder was present in up to 76 % of adolescents who sought care for suicidal ideation. Family environment plays a role in the pathogenesis of emotionally unstable personality disorder, while on the other hand, relatives are also significantly affected by this disorder. There are several therapeutic procedures that have been adapted for emotionally unstable adolescents and show effectiveness in their treatment. Family...

Bossing - problematic and pathological interactions at workplace in public healthcare sectorReview articles

PhDr. Pavel Harsa, Ph.D., prof. PaedDr. Marián Merica, Ph.D., doc. PhDr. PaedDr. Tomáš Gregor, Ph.D., PhDr. RNDr. Adriana Kaplánová, Ph.D., Mgr. Tomáš Kufa, Mgr. Michaela Břeňová, PhDr. Jiří Michalec, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):156-160 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.029  

The article talks about the manifestations of bossing, specific for contemporary society and health care settings. The authors summarize and describe various displays of violence, bossing, mobbing and other forms of probleatic behavior in the context of relations of coworkers. Authors point out the dangers of such behaviour and its growing occurence and providing three case studies. In the article, they provide a definition of the perpetrators of bossing, its victims, the way boosing is usually played out, and the ways to prevent and solve these types of situations. In the conclusion, they provide an enumeration of preventive means and qualified resources...

Developmental milestones of non­‑heterosexual orientation and identities in Czechia: A revision of the traditional coming out modelReview articles

RNDr. Michal Pitoňák, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):148-155 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.028  

This paper critically examines the applicability of traditional coming-out models in the context of contemporary Czechia, integrating rooted approaches and modern realities. An online survey of 1,788 participants (aged 15 to 71) was utilized to investigate progression between three coming-out milestones (M1 - Attraction; M2 - Self-Labeling; and M3 - Disclosure) in the development of non-heterosexual identity. Results reveal that non-heterosexual individuals typically recognize their desire around age 13, self-label, on average, just over two years later, and disclose their identity to another person at an average age of just under 17. Notably, the...

New trends in schizophrenia treatmentReview articles

MUDr. Miloslav Kopeček, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jiří Masopust, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Martin Anders, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(3):140-147 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.027  

Antipsychotics are the mainstay of schizophrenia treatment. Psychopharmac, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) form a biological component that is supplemented at all levels of treatment with psychosocial interventions within the bio-psycho-social approach in the treatment of schizophrenia. The goal of schizophrenia treatment is not only the reduction of positive symptoms, as was the case in the past, but the achievement of functional remission. The treatment of schizophrenia can be thought of as a step-by-step climbing of stairs, where each level of the staircase represents a specific treatment goal....

Špatná zpráva; možné reakce pacienta a jejich zvládání (2. část)Editorial

MUDr. Radkin Honzák, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):67  

Sekvenční léčba schizofrenieHeard at a congress

MUDr. Josef Višňovský

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):123-130  

O obsedantně kompulzivní poruše a její léčbě - otázky a odpovědiInterview

PhDr. Marie Ocisková, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Ján Praško Pavlov, CSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):118-122 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.020  

Mechanismus účinku silice z levanduleInformation

PharmDr. MVDr. Vilma Vranová, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):116  

Caregiver burden in a patient with schizophreniaCase report

Mgr. Libuše Winklerová, Mgr. Anna Vitásková, Bc. Irena Mádrová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):113-115 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.019  

The care of a person with schizophrenia is challenging and has its obstacles. Serious problems can occur in cases when the mentally ill person is in the home care of the family. The case study shows the importance of education and providing an assistance to the families which are taking care of the mentally ill person. It shows the importance of providing help to these families and takes into concern their situation and how serious the consequences of unresolved issues can be.

Pregabalin as an abused substanceCase report

MUDr. Vojtěch Prášil, Mgr. Michaela Prášilová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):109-111 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.018  

Pregabalin is a widely prescribed antiepileptic medication with anxiolytic and analgetic effect. Pregabalin abuse and pregabaline addiction are described and studied in literature. In two case studies the authors present cases from the Czech republic. A case of iatrogenic addiction is presented as well as a case of a patient with combined addiction and a comorbid depressive disorder.

Specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patientsInterdisciplinary overviews

MUDr. Zdeňka Pechačová, doc. MUDr. Radka Lohynská, Ph.D., MUDr. Tereza Drbohlavová

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):104-108  

Background: In Europe, approximately 6% of people identify as LGBTQI+ and approximately 1% as transgender. This community remains less visible to the healthcare system, as sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data is not structurally collected and patients are often reluctant to disclose SOGI to healthcare professionals due to fear of discrimination. Therefore, many of the specific needs of these patients remain unmet. Specific risks, including cancer risk factors, can be identified in LGBTQI+ subgroups. Purpose: The aim of this contribution is to summarise the specifics of cancer care for LGBTQI+ patients. This includes risk factors...

An overview of current system of psycho-social care for children with autism spectrum disorder in Czech RepublicInterdisciplinary overviews

Mgr. Martina Vyhnalová, Mgr. Lucie Stroupková, MUDr. Pavlína Danhofer, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Hana Ošlejšková, Ph.D., MUDr. Lenka Knedlíková, MUDr. Senad Kolář

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):97-103  

The article provides an overview of current system of psycho-social care in Czech republic that might be used by children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their families. General practitioners might recommend these services to their patients if necessary. The text deals with the possibilities of support in educational system, social care system including social benefits and mentions several other specific interventions and organizations for children with ASD.

Genetic factors influencing age of onset of Huntington's disease and markers of its predictionInterdisciplinary overviews

Petr Roudenský, MSc.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):92-95  

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder with progressive motor, cognitive and behavioural impairment. The disease is caused by a mutation in the HTT gene, which results in an abnormal expansion of CAG repeats. Although the usual age of clinical onset of the disease is around 40 years, its range extends from childhood to the eighth decade. The main factor influencing this variability is the number of repeats of the expanded allele, on which the age of onset of the disease is inversely dependent, especially between 55 and 80 repeats, but genetic modifiers identified mainly in genome-wide association studies also play...

Omega-3 and details of their mechanism of action in relation to cytokines and markers of inflammation in affective disordersReview articles

MUDr. Hedvika Ernsten

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):87-91 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.017  

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are polyunsaturated essential fatty acids that get in the body of mammals exclusively from the outside sources due to their natural inability to synthesize these substances themselves. Their role promotes them into something like "nutraceuticals", i.e. substances commonly present in the normal human diet. Direct influence on the functioning of cells of the immune system, but also other mechanisms in cell membrane metabolism, gene transcription and influence on the intestinal microflora are processes that participate in their pharmacologically definable anti-inflammatory and protective properties....

Brain and environment form a continuum: environmental enrichment as a starting point for change in (not only) addiction treatmentReview articles

MUDr. Jiří Dvořáček

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):82-85 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.022  

In recent years, one of the important topics of neurobiological research is environmental enrichment. A positive and inspiring environment with sensory and motor inspirations and increasing well-being of the organism can significantly repair mental disorders and improve the condition of the brain. In addition to the obviously effective therapeutic moments, our traditional addiction treatment programs have contained "stenizing" elements and elements that are completely opposite to the concept of environmental enrichment. Eliminating these distressing elements and consistently working with environmental enrichment could make our inpatient treatment programs...

Depression in schizophreniaReview articles

prof. MUDr. Bc. Libor Ustohal, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):76-80 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.016  

Depression in schizophrenia is a relatively common problem, it can occur in up to 80 % of patients in the early stages of schizophrenia. There is a concept of post-schizophrenic depression, in the new revision of the classification of diseases it was replaced by qualifiers including depressive. Depression in schizophrenia is clinically different from depression in patients without the disorder - patients with schizophrenia reported sadness similar to those without schizophrenia, but slept longer and had lower levels of fatigue and pessimism. It is difficult to distinguish depression from negative symptoms - symptoms such as low mood, suicidal thoughts...

Serious states induced by taking psychopharmacs and their treatmentReview articles

prof. MUDr. Eva Češková, CSc., PharmDr. Bc. Kateřina Horská, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(2):70-75 | DOI: 10.36290/psy.2023.015  

The article summarizes current knowledge of severe states associated with taking antidepressants and antipsychotics. These states usually require immediate intervention and include acute and tardive dystonia, tardive dyskinesias, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, serotonin syndrome and withdrawal-induced syndrome. Regarding their severity, and sometimes unexpectedly manifestation, they represent severe adverse events subjected to compulsory reporting to State Institute for Drug Control, Department of Pharmacovigilance.

Non­‑pharmacological treatments in neuropsychiatryReview articles#E-version

doc. MUDr. Marek Baláž, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Tomáš Kašpárek, Ph.D., doc. MUDr. Lucie Kališová, Ph.D., prof. MUDr. Jan Chrastina, Ph.D.

Psychiatr. praxi. 2023;24(1):e9-e12  

Non-pharmacological methods in neuropsychiatry include biological approaches (invasive and noninvasive stimulation of central nerve system structures), psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Range of diseases treated by non-pharmacological methods is wide and with improvements of accessibility the use of these methods will probably grow.