Psychiatr. pro Praxi, 2001; 3: 121-124
Hyperkinetické poruchy
- doc. MUDr. Eva Malá CSc
- Psychiatrická ambulance, Neurologická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha
Keywords: hyperkinetic disorders, diagnostic criteria, comorbidity disorders, imaging techniques, therapy.
Published: December 31, 2001 Show citation
Malá E. Hyperkinetické poruchy. Psychiatr. praxi. 2001;2(3):121-124.
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) je diagnostická jednotka, objevující se ve všech věkových kategoriích - od dětství do dospělosti, kde je spojena se sociální maladaptací a kriminalitou.
Neurovývojové opoždění vytváří zátěžové životní události vedoucí k vulnerabilitě jedince - čili minimální organické poškození a kumulace zevních stresů vede k maladaptivnímu chování s vysokou psychiatrickou komorbiditou. U hyperkinetických poruch jde z behaviorálního hlediska o poruchu exekutivních (sebe-regulujících) funkcí. Zobrazovací techniky vykazují poruchu regulace kortiko-striato-thalamo-kortikálního okruhu za přítomnosti téměř nulové pravolevé asymetrie. Úspěšná (ve školním věku) je terapie stimulancii, zvláště je-li kombinována s kognitivně behaviorální terapií.
Hyperkinetic disorders
ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) is a diagnostic unit appearing in all age categories - from childhood to adult age where it typically combines with social maladaptation and crime.
Late neural development, due to stressful life situations resulting in a vulnerability of the individual, i.e. minimal organic harm and accumulation of external stressors leads to maladaptive behaviour with a high psychiatric comorbidity. In hyperkinetic patients it is from the behavioral point of view classified as a disorder of executive (self-regulatory) functions. The imaging techniques reveal a defected regulation of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit with almost zero right-left asymmetry. In school age a successful therapy combines psychostimulants and a cognitive-behavioural therapy.
Download citation
References
- Aylward, E. H., Reiss, A. L., Reader, M. J. et al: Basal ganglia volumes in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Child. Neurol. 1, 1996, 112-115.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Barkley R-. A.: Attention - Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Scientific American 9, 1998, 45-49.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Bergstrom, K., Bille, B.: Computed tomography of the brain in children with minimal brain damage: a preliminary study of 46 children. Neuropaediatrie 9, 1978, 378-384.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Cadesky, E. B., Mota, V. L., Schachar, R. J.: Beyond words: how do children with ADHD and/or conduct problems process nonverbal information about effect? J. of Amer. Acad. of Child§Adolesc. Psychiat. 39 (9), 2000, 1160-1167.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Caparulo, B. K., Cohen, D. J., Rothman, S, L. et al: Computed tomographic brain scanning in children with developmental neuropsychiatric disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat. 20, 1981, 338-357.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Casey, B. J., Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N. et al: Implication of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat., 36, 1997, 374-383.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Castellanos, F. X., Giedd, J. N., Marsh, N. L. et al: Quantitative brain magnetic resonance in attention-deficity hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 53, 1996, 607-617.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Cook, E. H., Stein, M. A. Krasowski, M. D. et al: Association of attention deficit disorder and the dopamine tranporter gene. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 56, 1995, 993-998.
- Datková, M.: Hyperkinetická porucha může přetrvávat i do dospělosti. Zdrav. Nov. Lék.Listy, 48, 1999, 10-11.
- Hale, T. S., Hariri, A. R., McCracken, J. T.: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity rong-disorder: perspectives from neuroimaging. Mental Retardation § Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 6 (3), 2000, 214-219.
Go to original source...
- Heiligenstein, E., Guenther, G., Levy A. et al.: Psychological and academic functioning in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (see comments). J. Am. Coll. Health, 47(4), 1999, 181-185.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Hoza, B., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. E. et al.: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity rong-disordered and control boys´ responses to social succes and failure. Child Development, 71(2), 2000, 432-446.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Hynd, G. W., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R.: Corpus callosum morphology in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: morphometric analysis of MRI. J. Learn Disabil. 24, 1991, 141-146.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- La Hoste, G. J., Swanson, J. M., Wigal, S. B.: Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymophism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mol. Psychiat. 1, 1996, 121-124.
- Manassis, K., Tannock, R., Barbosa, J.: Dichotic listening and response inhibition in children with comorbid anxiety disorders and ADHD. J. of Amer. Acad. of Child§Adolesc. Psychiat. 39 (9), 2000, 1152-1159.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Paclt, I., Uhlíková, P., Florian, J.: Hyperkinetický syndrom v dětském věku. Remedia, 9, 6, 1999, 333-344.
- Ross, R. G., Harris, J. G., Olincy, A. et al.: Eye movement task measures inhibition and spatial working memory in adults with schizophrenia, ADHD, and a normal comparison group. Psychiatry Research,95 (1), 2000, 35-42.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Rothenberger, A., Banaschewski, T., Heinrich, H. et al.: Comorbidity in ADHD children: effects of coexisting conduct disorder or tic disorder on eventrelated brain potentials in an auditory selective-attention task. European Archives of Psychiatry§Clinical Neuroscience, 250(2), 2000, 101-110.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Semrud-Clikeman, M., Filipek, P. A., Biederman, J. et al: Attention -deficit hyperactivity disorder: MRI morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum. J. Am. Acad. Child Psychiat. 33, 1994, 875-881.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...
- Teicher, M. H., Polcari A., Anderson, C. M. et al: Methylphenidate effects on hyperactivity and fMRI in children with ADHD. Academy of CAP, Scientific Procced. of the Annual Meeting Alstria 1996, p. 12.
- Volkov, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S. et al: Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: relationship to dopamine D2 receptors. Am. J. Psychiat. 154, 1997, 50-55.
Go to original source...
Go to PubMed...